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Gut microbiome in adolescent depression.

Santosh Thapa1, Jessica C Sheu2, Alamelu Venkatachalam1

  • 1Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|June 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and SSRI use did not alter the gut microbiome in adolescents. Further research is needed to understand the complex gut-brain interaction in this age group.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The gut microbiome plays a role in brain function and mood regulation.
  • Previous studies suggest links between gut bacteria and mental health conditions like depression.
  • The impact of major depressive disorder (MDD) and its treatment on the gut microbiome in adolescents is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use with the gut microbiome composition in adolescents and young adults.
  • To determine if MDD or SSRI treatment influences bacterial diversity and abundance in this specific age group.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study enrolled 160 participants aged 15-20 years, including individuals with MDD starting SSRIs and unmedicated controls.
  • Diagnostic evaluations and stool samples were collected for DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
  • Sequence data was processed using the LotuS pipeline, with strict criteria for sample inclusion (e.g., no recent antibiotic use).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in bacterial richness, alpha diversity, or beta diversity were found between groups.
  • Differential abundance analysis revealed no significant differences in bacterial taxa at the phylum and genus levels.
  • Neither active major depressive episode nor SSRI use was associated with distinct gut bacterial composition in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • In older adolescents and young adults, neither MDD nor SSRI use was linked to alterations in the gut bacterial microbiome.
  • The bidirectional interaction between gut bacteria and the brain may be more complex in this age group compared to adults.
  • Further research is warranted to explore these nuanced interactions in younger populations.