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Pattern formation in drying blood drops.

Michael J Hertaeg1, Rico F Tabor2, Alexander F Routh3

  • 1BioPRIA and Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|June 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
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Drying blood droplets form unique patterns, differing from simple particle systems. Red blood cell concentration affects drying, creating distinct patterns crucial for developing new blood diagnostic tools.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Diagnostic Technology

Background:

  • Evaporation of liquid droplets leaves behind characteristic patterns, such as the rings seen in dried coffee or blood.
  • Differences in dried blood patterns have been observed in patients with various medical conditions, suggesting potential for diagnostic applications.
  • Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of pattern formation in drying blood is essential for developing reliable, low-cost blood diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the height profile and appearance of drying dispersions of red blood cells (RBCs).
  • To compare RBC dispersions with polystyrene particle systems to identify key variables influencing drying patterns.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind unique pattern formation in drying blood suspensions.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
bloodcoffee ringdiagnosticsdroplet dryingdrying

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  • Preparation and analysis of red blood cell (RBC) dispersions with varying concentrations and diluents.
  • Comparison of drying patterns between RBC suspensions and simple polystyrene particle systems.
  • Detailed examination of height profiles and visual appearance of dried droplet patterns.

Main Results:

  • Unlike typical non-volatile suspensions where high concentrations suppress ring formation, RBC suspensions show increased edge deposition with higher red blood cell concentrations.
  • This deviation from standard drying behavior is attributed to the consolidation front halting during drying in most blood suspensions.
  • This halting mechanism leads to distinct, two-region crack patterns and height profiles in dried blood droplets.

Conclusions:

  • The drying mechanism of blood droplets is significantly different from simple particle systems due to the unique properties of red blood cells.
  • The observed pattern variations in drying blood offer a promising avenue for the development of novel, low-cost diagnostic tools.
  • Further research into these drying phenomena is critical for advancing blood diagnostic technologies.