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Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
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Postural and Head Control Given Different Environmental Contexts.

Anat V Lubetzky1, Jennifer L Kelly2, Bryan D Hujsak2

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Neurology
|June 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Virtual reality with head-mounted displays (HMDs) effectively measures balance control. Sensory perturbations magnified head movements, especially in a virtual city, highlighting context

Keywords:
Head Mounted Displaybalancehearing losssensory integration for postural controlvestibular disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Portable Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) enable virtual reality (VR) testing of multisensory integration for balance.
  • HMDs capture head kinematics and present dynamic visual scenes, offering potential for postural control research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate postural sway and head kinematics using an HMD in response to auditory and visual perturbations.
  • To determine if responses vary based on environmental context and participant sensory status (hearing/vestibular).

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-five healthy adults and small groups with monaural hearing or unilateral vestibular dysfunction participated.
  • Participants stood on a force-plate while viewing 'stars' or 'street' environments via an Oculus Rift HMD.
  • Auditory and visual stimuli varied in intensity (static, low, high); center-of-pressure and head kinematics were recorded.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found between low and high sensory perturbation levels.
  • Postural sway and head movements (ML, AP, pitch, roll) increased significantly more in the dynamic 'street' environment compared to static.
  • The vestibular group showed greater head movement increases than controls in dynamic conditions, particularly in the city scene.

Conclusions:

  • Sensory perturbation responses are amplified around the head, with context (environment) significantly influencing multisensory integration for balance.
  • Head kinematics show sensitivity to sensory integration challenges and may aid in diagnosing vestibular disorders.
  • Balance assessment and rehabilitation should incorporate varied environmental contexts, considering aging and sensory loss implications.