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Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit...

Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...

Types Of Column Chromatography

Types Of Column Chromatography

The stability and compatibility of column material with samples are crucial for efficient purification in chromatographic techniques. Various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, or solvent affect the packing of the column material, thereby determining the purification efficiency. The choice of column material also plays an essential role in deciding the operating parameters and can be modified based on the proteins that need to be purified.
Gel Filtration Chromatography
When the...

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
Chromatographic techniques are typically named by...

Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification

Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification

Published on: September 21, 2011

Natural and Artificial Chiral-Based Systems for Separation Applications.

Yuan Zhao^1,2, Xuecheng Zhu^1,2, Wei Jiang^1,2

¹Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

|June 21, 2021

Summary

This review explores advancements in chiral separation using natural and artificial adsorbents. Binary combinations show promise for drug and biomolecule separation, addressing current challenges.

Keywords:

Natural application artificial chiral separation system

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Separation Science

Background:

Chiral separation is crucial for research and industry.
Traditional methods rely on natural or synthetic chiral adsorbents.
Recent focus is on binary material combinations for enhanced performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in natural and artificial chiral adsorbents.
To discuss mechanisms of chiral recognition and separation.
To highlight future directions and challenges in chiral separation technology.

Main Methods:

Literature review of natural and artificial chiral adsorbents.
Analysis of mechanisms for chiral recognition.
Examination of historical development of chiral separation systems.

Main Results:

Significant progress in developing novel chiral adsorbents.
Binary combinations offer improved precision and efficiency.
Identification of key challenges and limitations in current methods.

Conclusions:

Natural and artificial chiral adsorbents are vital for drug and biomolecule separation.
Binary adsorbent systems represent a promising future direction.
Further research is needed to overcome existing drawbacks for practical applications.