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[Expression of RASGRP2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Its Effect on Immune Microenvironment]
Shikang Zhao1, Xin Jin1, Song Xu1
1Department of Lung Cancer Surgery; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
Background:
Lung cancer still has the highest incidence rate and mortality rate nowadays. In recent years, with the emergence of new drugs and the optimization of treatment mode, especially the clinical application of immunotherapy, the prognosis of lung cancer patients has been improved. However, the benefits of immunotherapy are still limited. Therefore, it is necessary to find new biomarkers to predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients and explore its impact on the immune microenvironment.
Methods:
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the gene sequencing and clinical data of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The distribution of RASGRP2 in lung adenocarcinoma was determined by using the human protein mapping database. The Kaplan-Meier plotter database was used to explore the relationship between the expression of RASGRP2 and the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. KEGG and GO gene enrichment analysis was performed in patients with high and low expression of RASGRP2. TCGA database was used to analyze the co-expression genes of RASGRP2 and TIMER database was used to calculate the immune related lymphoid infiltration of RASGRP2 and its coexpression genes. The relationship between RASGRP2 expression and immune checkpoint expression was analyzed by using TIMER 2.0 database.
Results:
We found that RASGRP2 was low expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, and its expression level was related to the prognosis of patients. The high expression of RASGRP2 was involved in the process of hematopoietic cell formation and cell adhesion, and RASGRP2 played an important role in the process of T cell activation. Through TCGA database analysis, ZAP70, TBC1D10C, RASAL3, FGD2, CD37 and ACAP1 were significantly correlated with RASGRP2. The high expression of these genes leaded to the increase of the proportion of CD8+ T cells, memory CD4+ T cells, and the decrease of the proportion of neutrophils and Treg cells. Finally, we found that the expression of RASGRP2 was significantly correlated with the expression of CD274, CTLA4, LAG3 and TIGIT.
Conclusions:
RASGRP2 was abnormally expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and correlated with the infiltration level of immune related cells, which might influence the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Insights
RASGRP2 is underexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma and impacts patient prognosis. Its expression correlates with immune cell infiltration and may influence immunotherapy effectiveness in lung cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Genomics
Background:
- Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality globally.
- While immunotherapy has improved lung cancer patient outcomes, its benefits are limited, necessitating new prognostic biomarkers.
- Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of RASGRP2 in lung adenocarcinoma.
- To determine the relationship between RASGRP2 expression, patient prognosis, and the tumor immune microenvironment.
- To explore RASGRP2's potential as a biomarker for immunotherapy efficacy.
Main Methods:
- Utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for gene sequencing and clinical data analysis.
- Employed Kaplan-Meier plotter and human protein mapping databases to assess RASGRP2 expression and patient prognosis.
- Conducted KEGG and GO enrichment analyses, and analyzed immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression using TIMER and TIMER 2.0 databases.
Main Results:
- RASGRP2 was found to be lowly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, with expression levels correlating with patient prognosis.
- High RASGRP2 expression was associated with hematopoietic cell formation, cell adhesion, and T cell activation.
- RASGRP2 expression correlated with immune cell infiltration, including increased CD8+ T cells and memory CD4+ T cells, and decreased neutrophils and Treg cells.
- RASGRP2 expression was significantly associated with immune checkpoints such as CD274, CTLA4, LAG3, and TIGIT.
Conclusions:
- RASGRP2 is aberrantly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and influences the immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment.
- RASGRP2 may serve as a potential biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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