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Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy
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Zero-Mode Waveguide Nanophotonic Structures for Single Molecule Characterization.

Garrison M Crouch1, Donghoon Han1, Paul W Bohn1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.

Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
|June 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanophotonic devices like zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) enable single-molecule studies by confining observation volumes. This allows analysis of low-affinity biomolecular interactions, even at high concentrations.

Keywords:
fluorescence correlation spectroscopymultifunctional nanostructuressingle-molecule analysiszero-mode waveguides

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical and life sciences
  • Nanophotonics
  • Optical spectroscopy

Background:

  • Single-molecule characterization is vital but faces challenges like limited concentration ranges and photobleaching.
  • Nanophotonics and non-classical optics offer solutions for studying challenging biomolecular interactions.
  • Low-affinity interactions (K~mM) are difficult to study with traditional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nanophotonic devices for single-molecule studies.
  • To highlight zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) as key nanostructures.
  • To discuss the integration of ZMWs with various analytical techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of optical nanostructures, specifically zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) in gold or aluminum films.
  • Confining observation volumes to attoliter-zeptoliter scales using ZMWs.
  • Integration of ZMWs with optical probes like single molecule fluorescence, smFRET, and FCS.
  • Development of multifunctional devices like electrochemical ZMWs (E-ZMWs).

Main Results:

  • ZMWs enable isolation of single molecules for analysis, even at high bulk concentrations (μM-mM).
  • Arrays of ZMWs facilitate parallel, distributed analysis of numerous single-molecule events.
  • ZMWs can be combined with electrochemical functions for multimodal analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Zero-mode waveguides are effective nanophotonic tools for overcoming limitations in single-molecule studies.
  • ZMWs significantly enhance the ability to study low-affinity biomolecular interactions.
  • The integration of ZMWs into chemical and biochemical analysis systems offers broad applicability.