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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
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Thyroid Function During Pregnancy in A Multiethnic Population in Norway.

Line Sletner1,2, Anne Karen Jenum3, Elisabeth Qvigstad4,5

  • 1Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, PB 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.

Journal of the Endocrine Society
|June 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Ethnic variations in thyroid function exist during pregnancy. South Asian pregnant women showed higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and subclinical hypothyroidism compared to Europeans.

Keywords:
ethnic differenceshyperthyroidismsubclinical hypothyroidismthyroid and pregnancythyroid epidemiology

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Population Health

Background:

  • Ethnic variations in thyroid function during pregnancy are documented.
  • Previous studies lack clarity on these differences within multiethnic populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess ethnic differences in thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels.
  • To determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity across ethnic groups during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cohort of 785 pregnant women in Oslo, Norway.
  • TSH, FT4, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Abs) measured at gestational weeks 15 and 28.
  • Urine iodine concentration assessed at gestational week 15; multivariate linear regression used for associations.

Main Results:

  • Ethnic differences observed in TSH levels, but not FT4, throughout pregnancy.
  • South Asians exhibited higher TSH than Europeans, a difference persisting and increasing with gestation.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism was most prevalent in South Asians (14.2%), while hyperthyroidism was highest in East Asians (11.9%).

Conclusions:

  • Ethnic variations in TSH levels, but not FT4, were found in a multiethnic pregnant population.
  • South Asian women had higher TSH and subclinical hypothyroidism, independent of TPO Ab positivity.
  • Further research is needed to establish ethnic- and trimester-specific reference ranges for thyroid hormones in pregnancy.