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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.0K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

2.8K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.8K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

8.3K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
8.3K
Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

8.4K
Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
8.4K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

11.3K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
11.3K

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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

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Olefin Metathesis by First-Row Transition Metals.

Dmitry S Belov1, Gabriela Tejeda1, Konstantin V Bukhryakov1

  • 1Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA.

Chempluschem
|June 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights first-row transition metals for olefin metathesis, offering greener and cheaper alternatives. Researchers are developing new catalysts for cycloaddition and cycloreversion reactions.

Keywords:
alkylidenesfirst-row transition metalshomogeneous catalysismetallacyclesmetathesis

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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Organometallic Chemistry

Background:

  • Olefin metathesis is a powerful organic transformation, typically using second- and third-row transition metals.
  • A shift towards first-row transition metals offers potential for inexpensive, greener chemical production.
  • First-row metals can exhibit unique reactivity due to their electronic structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize progress in developing first-row transition metal alkylidenes and metallacycles for olefin metathesis.
  • To discuss catalytic systems for cycloaddition and cycloreversion, key steps in olefin metathesis.
  • To review systems where the active species for olefin metathesis remains unidentified.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on first-row transition metal complexes (Sc to Ni).
  • Focus on alkylidene and metallacycle species.
  • Analysis of catalytic activity in cycloaddition, cycloreversion, and olefin metathesis.

Main Results:

  • Development of Sc- to Ni-based alkylidenes and metallacycles.
  • Demonstration of cycloaddition and cycloreversion capabilities.
  • Identification of systems with potential for olefin metathesis, though active species are sometimes unknown.

Conclusions:

  • First-row transition metals are emerging as viable catalysts for olefin metathesis.
  • These base metal systems provide sustainable and cost-effective alternatives.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate active species in some catalytic systems.