[Renal toxicity of antineoplasic agents]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nephrology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Renal toxicity is a frequent complication of antineoplastic (cancer-fighting) drug therapy.
• The incidence and severity of nephrotoxicity are influenced by the specific drugs used and the patient's existing health conditions (comorbidities).
• Nephrotoxicity presents with varied mechanisms, timelines, and potential for recovery, encompassing acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and urinary abnormalities like proteinuria.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the significance of renal toxicity associated with antineoplastic agents.
• To underscore the impact of nephrotoxicity on cancer treatment efficacy and patient prognosis.
• To emphasize the importance of prevention and early diagnosis of kidney damage in cancer care.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on antineoplastic agent-induced nephrotoxicity.
• Analysis of clinical features, mechanisms, and reversibility of kidney injury.
• Discussion of diagnostic and preventive strategies.

Main Results:

• Antineoplastic agent-induced renal toxicity is a common and significant clinical issue.
• Kidney damage can manifest as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and proteinuria.
• Nephrotoxicity can compromise patient survival and necessitate treatment cessation, affecting cancer mortality.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of cancer patients requires vigilant monitoring for renal toxicity.
• Preventive measures and prompt diagnosis are essential for optimizing patient care and outcomes.
• Addressing nephrotoxicity is critical to avoid compromising cancer treatment and patient prognosis.