[Renal failure and renal symptoms associated with molecular targeted therapies in oncology]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nephrology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Targeted therapies are a cornerstone of modern cancer treatment.
• These therapies, including antibodies and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, can cause significant kidney toxicities.
• Proteinuria is a common renal side effect associated with certain targeted agents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize current knowledge on renal toxicities induced by major molecular targeted therapies.
• To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying proteinuria in patients receiving targeted cancer drugs.
• To outline strategies for managing these kidney-related adverse events.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on targeted therapies and their renal side effects.
• Analysis of the mechanisms of action for key targeted drug classes.
• Synthesis of information on clinical and biological monitoring for nephrotoxicity.

Main Results:

• Antiangiogenic agents targeting the VEGF/VEGFR pathway can lead to hypertension and proteinuria by affecting nitric oxide production and podocyte function.
• Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are associated with electrolyte disorders.
• Management strategies primarily involve close clinical and biological monitoring.

Conclusions:

• Targeted cancer therapies pose a risk of significant renal toxicities, including proteinuria.
• Understanding the specific mechanisms of nephrotoxicity is essential for effective patient management.
• Monitoring and dose adaptation are key to mitigating adverse renal events.