["Immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology"]

"Immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology.Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology. It results from a long history that went along with that of immunology, with its hesitations and failures, and which led to two complementary approaches. One consists in manufacturing cancer-specific monoclonal antibodies or cytotoxic T cells that are injected into patients. The other consists in relieving control mechanisms that prevent normally immune effectors from being pathogenic, and thus, freeing anti-cancer immunity from its constraints. These immune checkpoint inhibitors proved markedly efficient, especially in cancers with a poor prognosis. They opened an unprecedented increase in novel immunotherapeutic approaches and clinical trials."