Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 1, 2025
Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
Published on: May 26, 2022
Sodium Restriction Counseling Reduces Cardiac Events in Patients With Heart Failure
Takafumi Nakajima1, Makoto Murata1, Syogo Nitta2
1Department of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center.
Insights
Sodium restriction counseling (SRC) significantly reduced mortality and cardiac events in hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients. This intervention proved effective in lowering death rates and rehospitalizations post-discharge for HF management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Clinical Nutrition
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) guidelines often recommend sodium restriction.
- The clinical impact of sodium restriction counseling (SRC) on HF patient outcomes remains unclear.
- This study aimed to evaluate SRC's effect on cardiac events in HF patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if sodium restriction counseling (SRC) reduces cardiac events in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF).
Main Methods:
- 800 patients hospitalized for HF were enrolled.
- Patients received SRC during hospitalization, aiming for <6 g/day salt intake.
- Outcomes including death and HF rehospitalization were tracked post-discharge.
Main Results:
- SRC significantly decreased all-cause death (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.76).
- SRC was a significant predictor of reduced mortality in multivariate analysis.
- Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed SRC reduced deaths and combined HF rehospitalization/death outcomes.
- In patients with reduced ejection fraction, SRC significantly decreased mortality (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10-0.71).
Conclusions:
- Sodium restriction counseling (SRC) effectively reduced mortality rates in hospitalized heart failure patients after discharge.
- SRC demonstrated a significant benefit in reducing cardiac events and improving survival for HF patients.
Background:
Many heart failure (HF) guidelines recommend sodium restriction for patients with HF, but the outcome of sodium restriction counseling (SRC) for HF patients is still unknown. We wanted to clarify whether SRC reduces cardiac events in patients with HF.
Methods And Results:
Overall, 800 patients (77±12 years) who were hospitalized for HF were enrolled. During HF hospitalization, patients received SRC; patients were required to have a salt intake of <6 g/day. After discharge, death or HF rehospitalization events were investigated. During a mean follow-up of 319±252 days, 83 patients died, and 153 patients were rehospitalized for HF. SRC significantly decreased all-cause death (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.76; P<0.01), especially cardiac death of hospitalized HF patients after discharge. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, SRC, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, β-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist intake, cardiac rehabilitation, and the type of HF, SRC remained a significant predictor of death. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that SRC significantly reduced deaths and the combined outcome of HF rehospitalization and death. In patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, SRC significantly decreased the mortality rate (odds ratio, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10-0.71; P<0.01).
Conclusions:
SRC reduced the mortality rate after discharge of hospitalized HF patients.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies
01:30Heart Failure V: Medical Management
01:28Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management
01:22Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics
01:30Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions
01:26Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System