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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Gene Families01:57

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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
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Computational Methods for Pseudogene Annotation Based on Sequence Homology.

Paul M Harrison1

  • 1Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. paul.harrison@mcgill.ca.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome annotation methods are crucial for handling increasing sequence data. This study reviews pseudogene annotation techniques using sequence homology detection in genomic DNA.

Keywords:
AlignmentAnnotationGenomeProcessedPseudogene

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The rapid growth of complete genome sequences necessitates advanced annotation methods.
  • Pseudogene annotation remains a significant challenge in genomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of pseudogene annotation methods.
  • To focus on methods utilizing sequence homology detection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing pseudogene annotation strategies.
  • Analysis of sequence homology detection techniques within genomic DNA.

Main Results:

  • Identified key approaches for pseudogene annotation.
  • Highlighted the role of sequence homology in distinguishing pseudogenes.

Conclusions:

  • Sequence homology-based methods are vital for accurate pseudogene identification.
  • Continuous refinement of genome annotation tools is essential.