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Flow-induced surface crystallization of granular particles in cylindrical confinement
Sheng Zhang1,2, Ping Lin1,2, Mengke Wang1,2
1Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
Scientific Reports
|June 25, 2021
Summary
A crystallized shell spontaneously forms on container walls during cylinder orifice flow. This static shell, growing at a constant rate, alters flow dynamics and ensures a steady flow rate, independent of external drives.
Area of Science:
- Granular physics
- Fluid dynamics
- Materials science
Background:
- Orifice flow in cylinders can lead to crystallization.
- Existing crystallization models do not fully explain shell formation during flow.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the spontaneous formation and growth of a crystallized shell during orifice flow.
- Characterize the shell's properties and its effect on flow dynamics.
Main Methods:
- Experimental observation of shell formation.
- Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations to model the phenomenon.
Main Results:
- A static crystallized shell forms spontaneously from the base stagnant zone and grows upwards at a constant rate.
- Shell surface roughness development deviates from established models.
- Shell growth rate is linearly proportional to the orifice flow rate.
Conclusions:
- The spontaneously formed shell acts as a rough wall, modifying flow profiles and stress properties.
- This shell formation mechanism guarantees a constant flow rate, irrespective of external driving forces.
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