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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Sperm Transport01:15

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The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
The maturation phase occurs in the epididymis, where sperm...
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Sperm Structure and Semen Composition01:22

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During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
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Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation01:17

Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation

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Sexual stimulation can take various forms, such as physical touch and visual or auditory cues. When this happens, the parasympathetic reflex in the sacral portion of the spinal cord is activated. This reflex stimulates the release of nitric oxide (NO), which then dilates the arterioles in the penis, increasing blood flow to the erectile tissues - the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
The blood filling the erectile tissues compresses the veins, which helps to prevent blood from leaving...
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Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System01:16

Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System

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The accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation include the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. These ducts play a critical role in the maturation, storage, and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
The epididymis is a small, comma-shaped organ located at the back of each testicle. The epididymis can be divided into three main parts: the head, body, and tail. The head of the epididymis...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia
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A Comprehensive Guide to Sperm Recovery in Infertile Men with Retrograde Ejaculation.

Sajal Gupta1, Rakesh Sharma1, Ashok Agarwal2

  • 1American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

The World Journal of Men'S Health
|June 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrograde ejaculation (RE) causes male infertility due to semen flowing backward during ejaculation. This guide details diagnosing RE and sperm retrieval techniques, including preserving sperm viability.

Keywords:
EjaculationInfertility, maleSperm count

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Urology

Background:

  • Retrograde ejaculation (RE) is characterized by semen flowing backward into the bladder during orgasm.
  • This condition can lead to male infertility, presenting as low seminal volume or a dry ejaculate.
  • Causes of RE are diverse, including anatomical, neurological, and pharmacological factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive guide for diagnosing retrograde ejaculation.
  • To outline optimal techniques for sperm retrieval in patients with RE.
  • To discuss methods for preserving sperm viability in the context of RE.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnostic evaluation for RE, considering patient history and physical examination.
  • Assessment of seminal parameters and post-ejaculatory urinalysis.
  • Sperm retrieval techniques tailored to the underlying cause of RE.

Main Results:

  • Effective diagnosis of RE is achievable through a systematic approach.
  • Sperm retrieval is successful with appropriate techniques, enabling fertility treatments.
  • Alkalinizing urinary pH can enhance sperm viability for retrieval.

Conclusions:

  • Retrograde ejaculation is a treatable cause of male infertility.
  • Accurate diagnosis and tailored sperm retrieval methods are crucial for successful outcomes.
  • Management strategies should focus on addressing the underlying cause and optimizing sperm quality.