Apocrine and eccrine hidrocystomas: a clinicopathological study.

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Pathology
• Medical History

Background:

• Hidrocystomas are rare, benign sweat gland tumors typically found on the head and neck.
• Distinguishing between eccrine and apocrine hidrocystomas is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the clinical and histopathological features of a large cohort of hidrocystomas in Greece.
• To enhance diagnostic accuracy for hidrocystomas.
• To conduct a historical review of the term 'hidrocystoma' and its etymology.

Main Methods:

• A case series of 22 hidrocystomas from 20 patients treated surgically between 1998 and 2020.
• Histopathological analysis included immunohistochemistry (SMA, p63, GCDFP-15) and PAS staining.
• A comprehensive literature review traced the term 'hidrocystoma' from ancient Greek origins.

Main Results:

• The study included 11 eccrine and 11 apocrine hidrocystomas from 20 patients (50% male, 50% female, mean age 56).
• Common locations were eyelids (73%), inner canthus (9%), and other facial areas.
• Apocrine hidrocystomas consistently stained positive for SMA, GCDFP-15, CAM 5.2, PAS, and PAS-D.

Conclusions:

• Presents the largest European case series of hidrocystomas, offering valuable clinicopathological insights.
• Specific immunohistochemical markers (SMA, GCDFP-15) are characteristic of apocrine hidrocystomas.
• Surgical excision resulted in no recurrence, indicating effective treatment.