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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

5.8K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
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RNA structure probing uncovers RNA structure-dependent biological functions.

Xi-Wen Wang1,2, Chu-Xiao Liu3, Ling-Ling Chen4,5,6

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

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Recent advances in RNA structural probing reveal how RNA secondary structures regulate cellular functions. These dynamic structures, especially in long noncoding RNAs, dictate interactions with proteins and other RNAs, influencing biological processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA molecules fold into intricate structures essential for their cellular functions.
  • Recent technological breakthroughs enable transcriptome-wide RNA structural probing in living cells.
  • Understanding RNA structure is crucial for deciphering gene regulation and biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent technological advancements in probing RNA secondary structures.
  • To discuss key discoveries linking RNA structure to biological functions and regulation.
  • To highlight the role of long noncoding RNA structures in protein interactions and cellular functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cutting-edge technologies for transcriptome-wide RNA structural probing in vivo.
  • Analysis of studies interrogating RNA structures to understand regulatory mechanisms.
  • Focus on long noncoding RNAs and their structure-function relationships.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic RNA secondary structures are critical for mediating regulatory functions.
  • Distinct structures of long noncoding RNAs determine specific interactions with protein partners.
  • RNA structure directly influences interactions with proteins and other RNA molecules.

Conclusions:

  • Interrogation of RNA structures provides deep insights into RNA-mediated regulation.
  • Future development of higher-sensitivity and resolution probing technologies is needed.
  • Advanced RNA structure probing will enable more physiologically relevant studies.