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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

549
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
549
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
837

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study
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Temporal lobe epilepsy: A never-ending story.

Belén Abarrategui1, Roberto Mai1, Ivana Sartori1

  • 1"Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milano, Italy.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|June 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Understanding semiology in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery is crucial. Specific seizure signs, including rare ones, can predict surgical success in TLE patients.

Keywords:
AutomatismFocal unaware seizuresIctal semiologyLanguage epilepsyRed flagsTemporal lobe epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Semiology and anatomo-electroclinical correlations are vital for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery.
  • Technical advancements in epilepsy surgery necessitate a thorough understanding of ictal semiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze frequent and infrequent semiological signs, rarities, and red flags in a long-term surgical TLE patient cohort.
  • To identify semiological predictors of favorable surgical outcomes in TLE.

Main Methods:

  • Inclusion of TLE patients with presurgical video-EEG and at least 24 months of seizure-free follow-up.
  • Systematic description of ictal semiology and exploration of new red flags by comparing seizure-free patients with those with unfavorable outcomes (Engel II-IV).

Main Results:

  • Classical semiology (aura, loss of responsiveness, automatisms, dystonia, head orientation) was frequent in seizure-free patients.
  • Infrequent signs like ictal language disturbance and maintenance of responsiveness were observed in seizure-free patients.
  • Isolated viscerosensory/psychic aura and oroalimentary automatisms were more frequent in seizure-free patients; inferior limb automatisms and postictal dysarthria were potential red flags for unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical examination and video analysis can identify both common and rare ictal signs in TLE.
  • Absence of oroalimentary automatisms or presence of specific red flags warrants careful consideration of the seizure localization hypothesis in TLE surgery.