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Newborn Auditory Brainstem Responses in Children with Developmental Disabilities.

Christine F Delgado1, Elizabeth A Simpson2, Guangyu Zeng2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0721, USA. cdelgado@umiami.edu.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|June 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Newborns later diagnosed with speech impairment (SI) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) showed slower auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). This suggests early sensory differences at birth may indicate later developmental disabilities.

Keywords:
Auditory brainstem responseAutism spectrum disorderDevelopmental disabilitiesEarly identificationSpeech impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Newborn hearing screening is crucial for early detection of hearing loss.
  • Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABRs) measure neurological function in response to sound.
  • Developmental disabilities encompass a range of conditions affecting development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between newborn auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and later diagnosed developmental disabilities.
  • To determine if ABR waveform phase, a measure of auditory processing latency, differs in children with specific developmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated data from newborn hearing screening and preschool disability registries.
  • Analyzed click-evoked ABR waveform phase in a large cohort of newborns.
  • Compared ABR phase values between children with developmental delay, speech impairment (SI), language impairment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and typically developing comparison children.

Main Results:

  • Children later diagnosed with SI and ASD exhibited significantly greater newborn ABR phase values compared to comparison and developmental delay groups.
  • Elevated ABR phase values indicate slower neurological responses to auditory stimuli in newborns who later develop SI or ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Newborns diagnosed with speech impairment or autism spectrum disorder demonstrate altered auditory neurological processing at birth.
  • These findings suggest that sensory differences in auditory processing may be an early indicator of neurodevelopmental conditions like SI and ASD.