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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Utilizing an Orally Dissolving Strip for Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies: A Simple and Humane Alternative to Oral Gavage for Animals
Published on: March 23, 2016
Sensing technologies and experimental platforms for the characterization of advanced oral drug delivery systems
Peter Ouma Okeyo1, Sriram Thoppe Rajendran2, Kinga Zór2
1Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Abstract:
Complex and miniaturized oral drug delivery systems are being developed rapidly for targeted, controlled drug release and improved bioavailability. Standard analytical techniques are widely used to characterize i) drug carrier and active pharmaceutical ingredients before loading into a delivery device (to ensure the solid form), and ii) the entire drug delivery system during the development process. However, in light of the complexity and the size of some of these systems, standard techniques as well as novel sensing technologies and experimental platforms need to be used in tandem. These technologies and platforms are discussed in this review, with a special focus on passive delivery systems in size range from a few 100 µm to a few mm. Challenges associated with characterizing these systems and evaluating their effect on oral drug delivery in the preclinical phase are also discussed.
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