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Checkpoint inhibitors in BCG-unresponsive nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: can they help spare the bladder?
Khalil El Gharib1, Eddy Lilly2, Roy Chebel2
1Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Abstract:
Intravesical BCG therapy has been for years, the standard of care in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. But upon recurrence/relapse, radical cystectomy is imposed, due to the paucity of other therapeutic options. Immunotherapy has been revolutionizing cancer treatment, and its indications continue to broaden. It has been approved for the treatment of advanced urothelial cancer of the bladder, mainly as a second-line therapy. Its activity is being studied in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer that is not responsive to BCG; we herein report the trials investigating these checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab and avelumab) in this particular setting.
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