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Updated: Oct 31, 2025
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A selective and efficient microfluidic method-based liquid phase microextraction for the determination of
Samira Dowlatshah1, Elia Santigosa2, Mohammad Saraji3
1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
A novel microfluidic device enhances sulfonamide extraction using liquid phase microextraction (LPME). This method offers high efficiency, reduced sample volume, and rapid analysis, improving upon existing techniques for sulfonamide determination.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Separation Science
- Microfluidics
Background:
- Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) has advanced with miniaturized devices.
- Sulfonamides are important pharmaceuticals requiring efficient analytical methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a microfluidic device for rapid and efficient sulfonamide extraction.
- To optimize parameters for enhanced mass transfer and passive diffusion.
Main Methods:
- Development of a microfluidic device for LPME.
- Optimization of supported liquid membrane (Tributyl phosphate), donor/acceptor phases, and flow rate.
- Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD).
Main Results:
- Extraction efficiencies exceeded 96% for sulfonamides within 10 minutes using only 10 µL of sample.
- Tributyl phosphate proved to be a stable and effective supported liquid membrane for over 20 extractions.
- Method detection limits ranged from 33-57 ng mL⁻¹ and quantitation limits from 0.11-0.19 µg mL⁻¹.
- Successful application in urine samples with 86-106% extraction efficiencies.
Conclusions:
- The developed microfluidic LPME device offers a highly efficient, rapid, and low-volume method for sulfonamide determination.
- This approach significantly improves existing procedures for sulfonamide analysis in complex matrices like urine.
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