Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

CaMKIIγ/δ contributes to mitochondrial metabolic adaptation in skeletal muscle during endurance training.

Molecular metabolism·2026

Same author

Lactobacillus reuteri lozenges and chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in breast cancer outpatients: an exploratory randomized controlled trial.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

CAMBRA caries risk stratification is associated with distinct salivary and supragingival plaque microbiomes in pre-orthodontic patients.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Laser-Based Photobiomodulation for Orthodontic Pain: Mechanistic Evidence from Experimental Tooth-Movement Models.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Tetragonula biroi-Derived Nanoemulsion Propolis Extract Impact on Inflammatory Cytokines and Osteoclastogenesis in Wistar Rats Subjected to Different Orthodontic Mechanical Forces.

European journal of dentistry·2026

Same author

Deletion of Ybx1 results in germ cell hypoplasia in mouse embryos.

The Journal of reproduction and development·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Isolation and Enrichment of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells for Enhanced Osteogenesis

Isolation and Enrichment of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells for Enhanced Osteogenesis

Published on: January 12, 2015

Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals the Breadth of Osteoblast Heterogeneity.

Hirotaka Yoshioka^1,2, Saki Okita^1,3, Masashi Nakano^1,4,5

¹Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan.

|June 30, 2021

Summary

This study reveals significant heterogeneity among osteoblasts, identifying distinct cell clusters with varying gene expression and developmental potentials. Findings suggest a broader diversity in osteoblast function and fate than previously understood.

Keywords:

HETEROGENEITY OSTEOBLAST RNA SEQUENCING SINGLE‐CELL

More Related Videos

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Differentiation and Characterization of Osteoclasts from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Differentiation and Characterization of Osteoclasts from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 22, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Isolation and Enrichment of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells for Enhanced Osteogenesis

Isolation and Enrichment of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells for Enhanced Osteogenesis

Published on: January 12, 2015

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Differentiation and Characterization of Osteoclasts from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Differentiation and Characterization of Osteoclasts from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 22, 2024

Area of Science:

Bone Biology
Cellular and Molecular Biology
Genomics

Background:

Osteoblast differentiation and fate are traditionally viewed as limited, with most cells undergoing apoptosis or becoming osteocytes/bone lining cells.
Existing knowledge suggests osteoblasts exhibit heterogeneous marker expression at transcriptional and protein levels.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the heterogeneity of osteoblasts and its biological significance using single-cell RNA sequencing.
To identify distinct osteoblast subpopulations and their potential developmental trajectories.

Main Methods:

Isolation of Venus-positive osteoblasts from newborn mouse calvariae using the 2.3-kb Col1a1 promoter.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of 272 Venus-positive cells.
Functional annotation, cluster analysis, pseudotime ordering, and gene co-expression network analysis.

Main Results:

Osteoblasts were categorized into four distinct clusters based on gene expression.
Three clusters (1-3) represented osteoblasts at different maturational stages with active protein synthesis and trafficking.
Cluster 4 showed distinct gene expression (Cd34, Cxcl12) and potentially progenitor-like properties, indicating a departure from actively bone-forming osteoblasts.
Extensive gene expression heterogeneity was observed within clusters, independent of maturational stage.
New potential markers for osteoblast maturational stages were identified.

Conclusions:

Osteoblast heterogeneity is more extensive than previously documented.
Gene expression profiles support diverse osteoblast functional activities and developmental fates.
Identification of distinct osteoblast subpopulations provides new insights into bone formation and regulation.