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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy
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A T cell redirection platform for co-targeting dual antigens on solid tumors.

Leonie Enderle1,2, Karim H Shalaby1,2, Maryna Gorelik1,2

  • 1Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Mabs
|June 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed Dual Antigen T cell Engager (DATE) bispecific antibodies to target solid tumors. This novel approach enhances T-cell-mediated cancer cell killing and selectivity by targeting multiple tumor antigens.

Keywords:
Antibody/immunotherapy/pancreatic cancer/solid tumors/T-cell redirection/CD133/EPHA2/EPCAM/EPHB2/dual targeting

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Solid tumors present limited unique surface antigens for targeted therapies.
  • Directing T cells to cancer cells requires specific targeting strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer novel bispecific antibody formats for enhanced T-cell-mediated cancer cell targeting and selectivity.
  • To develop a platform for rapid generation of potent and selective immune-engaging biologics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of Dual Antigen T cell Engager (DATE) bispecific antibodies by fusing CD3-targeting scFv to tumor-antigen-binding fragments.
  • Engineering of "double-DATEs" with an additional variable heavy-chain domain for simultaneous dual-antigen targeting.
  • In vitro and in vivo evaluation using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenograft models.

Main Results:

  • DATE bispecific antibodies successfully recruited T-cell cytotoxicity to tumor cells.
  • Double-DATEs demonstrated enhanced selectivity through binary targeting of native tumor antigens.
  • The modular platform enabled rapid development of DATE variants with favorable biophysical properties.

Conclusions:

  • The DATE and double-DATE formats represent a novel strategy for enhancing immune redirection and T-cell-mediated cancer therapy.
  • This platform facilitates the development of tailored bispecific antibodies with high potency and selectivity for solid tumors.