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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

Published on: May 25, 2022

COVID-19 and conjunctivitis: a meta-analysis.

Mashael Al-Namaeh¹

¹School of Health and Social Care, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Kiviharjuntie 8, 90220 Oulu Teuvo, Pakkalan Katu 19, 90100 Oulu, 90220, Finland.

Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology

|June 30, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Conjunctivitis is a common ocular symptom in COVID-19 patients. This meta-analysis found a low odds ratio for conjunctivitis in COVID-19 cases, synthesizing current evidence.

Keywords:

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 meta-analysis viral conjunctivitis

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to millions of cases and deaths globally.
Ocular manifestations, including conjunctivitis, have been observed in both adult and pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a meta-analysis estimating the odds ratio (ORs) of conjunctivitis in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
To synthesize current evidence on the association between COVID-19 and conjunctivitis.

Main Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed.
Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases.
Data from 20 studies, including 3383 participants, were analyzed to determine the ORs of conjunctivitis.

Main Results:

The meta-analysis included 20 studies with 3383 participants.
The overall odds ratio for conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients was 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00-0.02).
No significant bias was reported in the included studies.

Conclusions:

Conjunctivitis is a frequent ocular finding in adult COVID-19 patients.
This meta-analysis quantifies the link between COVID-19 and conjunctivitis, noting significant heterogeneity in current research.
The study provides a consolidated review of available literature on COVID-19 and conjunctivitis in all age groups.