Human Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Obstetrics & Gynecology
• Public Health

Background:

• Human coronaviruses (HCoV) can cause severe respiratory illness.
• Pregnancy alters a woman's immune system, potentially increasing susceptibility to infections.
• Understanding HCoV impact on pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on the pathogenesis of HCoV in pregnancy.
• To outline clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for HCoV in pregnant individuals.
• To assess maternal-fetal outcomes and transmission risks associated with HCoV infection during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search of the PubMed database up to June 2020.
• Inclusion of both basic science and clinical studies on HCoV and pregnancy.
• Keywords included "coronaviruses," "SARS-CoV," "MERS-CoV," "COVID-19," and "pregnancy."

Main Results:

• No evidence suggests pregnant women are more susceptible to HCoV or experience more severe pneumonia.
• No confirmed cases of vertical mother-to-child transmission of HCoV during pregnancy were identified.
• Management involves isolation, individualized delivery timing, and early cord clamping; antiviral treatments are used.

Conclusions:

• HCoV infection in pregnancy requires careful management, including isolation and tailored obstetric care.
• Current evidence does not support increased susceptibility or vertical transmission, but vigilance is necessary.
• Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects and optimal management of HCoV in pregnant populations.