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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Building An Open-source Robotic Stereotaxic Instrument

Building An Open-source Robotic Stereotaxic Instrument

Published on: October 29, 2013

Robotic Applications in Cranial Neurosurgery: Current and Future.

Tyler Ball¹, Jorge González-Martínez², Ajmal Zemmar^1,3

¹Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)

|June 30, 2021

Summary

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Robotics in neurosurgery enhances precision and efficiency for cranial procedures. Future innovations promise even greater integration, making surgeries safer and potentially more cost-effective.

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Medical Robotics
Surgical Technology

Background:

Robotics is rapidly advancing neurosurgical practice.
Increased computing power, connectivity, AI, and precision are driving robotic integration.
Robotic systems offer potential for enhanced safety and efficiency in neurosurgery.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide practical information for incorporating robotics into neurosurgical practice.
To review current and emerging applications of robotics in neurosurgery.
To highlight the transformative potential of robotics in neurosurgical innovation.

Main Methods:

Narrative review of clinical experience with robotic applications.
Categorization of robotic roles: stereotactic guidance, endoscopic assistance, endovascular procedures, microsurgery, and novel trajectory technologies.

Keywords:

Deep brain stimulation Endoscopic Endovascular Epilepsy Robotics Stereotaxy

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Discussion of current and future robotic capabilities in neurosurgery.

Main Results:

Robots are used as stereotactic frames for linear instrument guidance.
Robotic systems assist in endoscopic surgery by holding instruments and providing light/retraction.
Emerging endovascular and microsurgical robots offer remote operation and fine motor augmentation.
Innovative technologies enable nonlinear trajectories and magnetic instrument control.

Conclusions:

Robotics is transforming neurosurgery towards greater safety and efficiency.
Robotic integration is expected to expand into more neurosurgical areas.
Advancements in robotic technology hold significant promise for future neurosurgical innovation.