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Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

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Published on: August 18, 2014

The olfactory bulb modulates entorhinal cortex oscillations during spatial working memory.

Morteza Salimi¹, Farhad Tabasi^1,2, Milad Nazari³

¹Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

The Journal of Physiological Sciences : JPS

|July 1, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The olfactory bulb (OB) influences the entorhinal cortex (EC) during working memory tasks. Enhanced OB-EC rhythmic communication correlates with successful spatial working memory performance in rats.

Keywords:

Entorhinal cortex Functional connectivity Olfactory bulb Working memory

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Published on: March 28, 2012

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Working memory relies on integrated brain region activity.
Entorhinal cortex (EC) activity is crucial for successful working memory.
Olfactory bulb (OB) oscillations modulate widespread brain rhythms during cognitive tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate OB-EC functional connectivity during spatial working memory.
Test the hypothesis that OB modulates EC activity during working memory tasks.
Elucidate the role of OB-EC interactions in cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous local field potential recording in rats performing a Y-maze task.
Analysis of OB-EC functional connectivity using coherence and cross-frequency coupling.
Quantification of information flow between OB and EC.

Main Results:

Increased OB-EC delta, theta, and gamma-band oscillation coherence during correct working memory trials.
Enhanced modulation of EC gamma activity by OB low-frequency oscillations in correct trials.
Increased delta and gamma band information influx from OB to EC during correct trials.

Conclusions:

OB rhythms modulate EC oscillations, potentially essential for successful working memory.
OB-EC functional connectivity patterns differ between correct and incorrect working memory performance.
Findings suggest OB plays a significant role in modulating EC activity for spatial working memory.