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Mucosal Papillary Hyperplasia in Gallbladder: A Clue for Infectious Etiology in HIV Patients

Juhi Devendra Mahadik1, Ramya Prakash Masand1, Shilpa Jain1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Journal of Global Infectious Diseases
|July 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Cryptosporidiosis can be missed in gallbladder pathology. Mucosal papillary hyperplasia may indicate this opportunistic infection, especially in HIV-positive patients, prompting further histological examination.

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Pathology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gallbladder specimens are frequently encountered in surgical pathology.
  • Opportunistic infections, such as cryptosporidiosis, can present subtly in gallbladder tissue.
  • Clinical history may be absent for gallbladder specimens, complicating diagnosis.

Observation:

  • Three cases of gallbladder specimens with mucosal papillary hyperplasia and inflammation were identified.
  • Complete histological evaluation revealed cryptosporidiosis in all three cases.
  • All patients were subsequently found to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Findings:

  • Mucosal papillary hyperplasia in gallbladder specimens can be a reactive response to infection.
  • Cryptosporidiosis is an opportunistic infection that may be associated with gallbladder pathology.
  • Histological examination is crucial for identifying infectious agents like Cryptosporidium.

Implications:

  • The presence of mucosal papillary hyperplasia in gallbladder specimens should raise suspicion for infectious causes, including cryptosporidiosis.
  • Increased magnification during histological review is recommended when encountering reactive changes.
  • Recognizing this association can improve the diagnosis of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients.
Keywords:
Cryptosporidiosisgallbladderhyperplasiapapillary

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