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Related Concept Videos

Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

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Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
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Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
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Naming Enantiomers02:21

Naming Enantiomers

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The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system essentially comprises three...
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

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Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Crystal Structure of the N-terminal Domain of Ryanodine Receptor from Plutella xylostella
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The Ras dimer structure.

Till Rudack1,2, Christian Teuber1,2, Marvin Scherlo1,2

  • 1Biospectroscopy, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr University Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany Till.Rudack@ruhr-uni-bochum.de Klaus.Gerwert@ruhr-uni-bochum.de Carsten.Koetting@ruhr-uni-bochum.de.

Chemical Science
|July 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers validated a novel N-Ras dimer structural model, crucial for cancer drug discovery. This validated model targets the Ras dimer interface, offering a new strategy against oncogenic mutated Ras proteins.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Oncogenic mutated Ras proteins are central to cancer development.
  • The Ras catalytic center is difficult to drug, making the Ras dimer interface a promising alternative target.
  • Ras dimerization at the cell membrane influences critical cell growth signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an experimentally validated structural model of the N-Ras dimer.
  • To enable computational drug screening targeting the Ras dimer interface.
  • To validate the identified Ras dimer structural model through experimental mutation studies.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of unnatural amino acids into Ras for site-specific labeling via click chemistry.
  • Measurement of distances within the membrane-bound Ras dimer using fluorescence and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  • Utilizing protein-protein docking and biomolecular simulations to identify key dimerization residues.

Main Results:

  • A validated N-Ras dimer structural model was successfully established.
  • Key residues critical for Ras dimerization were identified.
  • Site-directed mutations at these key residues confirmed the prevention of dimer formation, validating the model.

Conclusions:

  • The validated N-Ras dimer structure provides a reliable basis for computational drug screening.
  • Targeting the Ras dimer interface represents a viable alternative strategy for developing anti-cancer drugs.
  • This research opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions against cancers driven by oncogenic Ras mutations.