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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
12:08

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

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The advancement of telomere quantification methods.

Albert Dweck1, Radhashree Maitra2

  • 1Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, 500 W 185th Street, 10033, New York, NY, USA.

Molecular Biology Reports
|July 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Telomere length, crucial for genome stability and aging research, is challenging to measure routinely. The new single telomere absolute-length rapid (STAR) assay offers a promising solution for accurate and scalable telomere length quantification.

Keywords:
PCRQuantificationSTAR AssayTelomere

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Telomeres are protective DNA sequences at chromosome ends.
  • Telomere shortening is linked to cellular senescence and aging.
  • Telomere length is a potential biomarker for cancer and age-related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current telomere length measurement methods.
  • To introduce and evaluate the novel STAR assay.
  • To determine the potential of the STAR assay for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing telomere length quantification techniques.
  • Detailed examination of the single telomere absolute-length rapid (STAR) assay.
  • Comparative analysis of STAR assay against established methods.

Main Results:

  • Current methods face challenges in speed and simplicity for clinical use.
  • The STAR assay measures absolute telomere length and quantity accurately.
  • STAR assay shows promise for scalability and rapid analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Telomere length is a significant biomarker, but measurement remains a challenge.
  • The STAR assay presents a significant advancement in telomere length measurement.
  • STAR assay may become the superior method for routine clinical telomere analysis.