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Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant01:26

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When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.
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Current-Mode Dielectric Spectroscopy for Liquid Permittivity Measurement.

Hongkie Lim, Dong-Ho Lee, Jusung Kim

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    This study introduces a novel current-mode dielectric spectroscopy integrated circuit for precise liquid permittivity detection. The wideband, low-power chip offers enhanced accuracy and dynamic range for microwave frequency applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Microwave Engineering

    Background:

    • Dielectric spectroscopy is crucial for characterizing material properties.
    • Conventional voltage-mode approaches face limitations in dynamic range and bandwidth.
    • Accurate permittivity measurement is vital in various scientific and industrial applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a current-mode dielectric spectroscopy integrated circuit (IC) for microwave frequency applications.
    • To enhance the dynamic range and operational bandwidth for liquid permittivity detection.
    • To improve sensor accuracy by employing a low intermediate frequency (IF) receiver architecture.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and fabrication of a current-mode dielectric spectroscopy IC using 28-nm CMOS technology.
    • Implementation of a low IF receiver architecture to mitigate noise and offset issues.
    • Characterization of the IC's performance, including conversion gain, 1dB-compression point, and operational bandwidth.
    • Measurement of liquid permittivity using the fabricated IC across a wide frequency range.

    Main Results:

    • The current-mode IC demonstrates wideband operation from 50 MHz to 4 GHz with a maximum conversion gain of 31.4 dB at 0.4 GHz.
    • The 1dB-compression point is measured at -8 dBm at 1 GHz, indicating a robust dynamic range.
    • Accurate permittivity measurements for propanol were achieved with a root mean square (rms) error of 0.49 over the 0.03-10 GHz range.
    • The compact IC (0.5 mm × 0.2 mm) operates at a low power consumption of 13 mW from a 1.2 V supply.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed current-mode dielectric spectroscopy IC offers superior performance compared to voltage-mode approaches for microwave frequency applications.
    • The low IF architecture effectively enhances sensor accuracy by reducing flicker noise, dc offset, and harmonic mixing.
    • The fabricated IC provides a compact, low-power, and accurate solution for liquid permittivity measurements, paving the way for advanced material characterization.