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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Hemophilic arthropathy: Current knowledge and future perspectives.

Roberta Gualtierotti1,2, Luigi Piero Solimeno3, Flora Peyvandi1,2

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH
|July 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hemophilia patients face chronic joint damage despite new treatments. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care are crucial for managing hemophilic arthropathy and improving quality of life.

Keywords:
hemarthrosishemophiliahemophilic arthropathysub-clinical joint bleeding

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Orthopedics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hemophilia A and B are X-linked disorders causing factor VIII or IX deficiency.
  • Recurrent joint bleeding (hemarthrosis) leads to disabling hemophilic arthropathy, chronic pain, and reduced quality of life.
  • Preventing bleeding is key to joint health due to limited treatments for synovitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current management strategies for hemophilia.
  • To highlight challenges in preventing and treating hemophilic arthropathy.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into disease mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on hemophilia management.
  • Discussion of advancements in prophylactic therapies (extended half-life factors, emicizumab).
  • Evaluation of diagnostic tools like point-of-care ultrasound.

Main Results:

  • New therapies improve quality of life and adherence but chronic arthropathy remains a significant issue.
  • Ultrasound aids in diagnosing hemarthrosis and monitoring joint damage.
  • Multidisciplinary care is essential for comprehensive patient management.

Conclusions:

  • Despite treatment advances, hemophilic arthropathy persists.
  • Targeted therapies require further research into disease mechanisms.
  • Individualized risk assessment and comprehensive, multidisciplinary care are vital.