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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
517

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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Three-dimensional Printing of Thermoplastic Materials to Create Automated Syringe Pumps with Feedback Control for Microfluidic Applications
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A Wirelessly Controlled Scalable 3D-Printed Microsystem for Drug Delivery.

Farzad Forouzandeh1, Nuzhet N Ahamed1, Xiaoxia Zhu2

  • 1Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a 3D-printed microsystem for precise drug delivery, featuring a wireless-controlled micropump. This implantable device showed reliable performance in mice for long-term inner ear drug delivery.

Keywords:
3D printingdrug deliveryimplantablemicropumpmicroreservoirtransdermal

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microsystems Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Accurate and controlled drug delivery is crucial for therapeutic efficacy, especially in sensitive areas like the inner ear.
  • Existing drug delivery methods can be invasive or lack precise control, necessitating advanced microsystem solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a wirelessly controlled, 3D-printed microsystem for precise drug delivery.
  • To assess the feasibility of long-term subcutaneous implantation and in vivo drug delivery efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a microsystem using stereolithography 3D printing and inkjet printing, incorporating a refillable microreservoir and a phase-change peristaltic micropump.
  • Optimization of the microsystem for murine inner ear drug delivery (19 × 13 × 3 mm³).
  • In vivo evaluation through subcutaneous implantation in mice for six months and drug infusion into the round window membrane niche.

Main Results:

  • Benchtop testing confirmed reliable drug delivery performance.
  • Successful six-month subcutaneous implantation in mice demonstrated device biocompatibility and suitability for long-term use.
  • In vivo drug delivery using the microsystem yielded comparable results to traditional syringe pumps, as evidenced by otoacoustic emission measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D-printed, wirelessly controlled microsystem offers a low-cost, scalable solution for precise drug delivery.
  • This technology holds potential for various clinical applications and delivery sites in both animal models and humans.
  • The microsystem's design facilitates efficient and controlled administration of therapeutics, particularly in otological applications.