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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Brain Long Noncoding RNAs: Multitask Regulators of Neuronal Differentiation and Function.

Sarva Keihani1, Verena Kluever1, Eugenio F Fornasiero1

  • 1Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of brain cell functions, including neurogenesis and neuronal excitability. Their diverse roles and links to neurodegenerative diseases highlight their potential as biomarkers for brain disorders.

Keywords:
long noncoding RNAsneurogenesisneuronal developmentneuronal differentiationneuronssynaptic activitysynaptic plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The vertebrate nervous system exhibits remarkable cellular diversity and complex interconnections.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundant in nervous tissue, with emerging evidence of crucial regulatory roles.
  • The traditional view of RNA as solely coding molecules is outdated; lncRNAs are now recognized as functional regulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the growing evidence for the regulatory functions of lncRNAs in the brain.
  • To highlight the importance of lncRNAs in neuronal physiology and pathophysiology.
  • To discuss the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers for brain diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating lncRNA function in the nervous system.
  • Analysis of evidence linking lncRNAs to neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and excitability.
  • Examination of the association between lncRNA diversity and neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs play critical roles in orchestrating neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation.
  • lncRNAs are essential for the precise calibration of neuronal excitability.
  • lncRNA dysregulation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting biomarker potential.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are vital regulators of neuronal function and development.
  • The study of lncRNAs is crucial for understanding neuronal pathophysiology.
  • lncRNAs represent promising biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring brain diseases.