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Basic Needs in Horses?-A Literature Review.

Konstanze Krueger1,2, Laureen Esch1,3, Kate Farmer4

  • 1Department of Equine Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Economics and Management, Nuertingen-Geislingen University, Neckarsteige 6-10, 72622 Nürtingen, Germany.

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Summary

Restricting social contact, free movement, and roughage access in horses causes suffering, evidenced by behavioral and physiological responses. These findings confirm these as essential basic needs for horse welfare.

Keywords:
abnormal behaviouractive responseshorsemovementpassive responsesroughagesocial contactstress

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Welfare Science
  • Equine Ethology

Background:

  • Animal welfare is contingent on meeting species-specific environmental requirements.
  • Basic needs for horses are proposed to include social contact, companionship, free movement, and roughage access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if horses suffer when their basic needs are restricted.
  • To synthesize evidence from existing studies on equine welfare responses.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 38 studies examining behavioral and physiological reactions to restrictions.
  • Studies were categorized by observed responses: Stress, Active, Passive, and Abnormal Behaviour.

Main Results:

  • Combined restrictions on social contact, movement, and roughage led to responses indicative of suffering.
  • Passive Responses and Abnormal Behaviour were significant indicators of acute or past suffering.

Conclusions:

  • Social contact, free movement, and roughage access are confirmed as basic needs for horses.
  • Behavioral and physiological assessments are crucial for evaluating horse welfare.