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Towards an Integrated Approach for Monitoring Toxoplasmosis in Southern Italy.

Paola Pepe1,2, Antonio Bosco1,2, Federico Capuano3

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.

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PubMed
Summary

Toxoplasmosis, a global zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is highly prevalent in southern Italian livestock, posing a significant public health risk. This study investigated its epidemiology and risk factors in animals and humans in the region.

Keywords:
ItalyOne HealthToxoplasma gondiihumanslivestockmonitoringrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Toxoplasmosis, caused by *Toxoplasma gondii*, is a significant global zoonotic infection.
  • It impacts both public health and livestock, causing economic losses due to abortions and congenital defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in southern Italy.
  • To identify risk factors for *T. gondii* infection in livestock and humans.
  • To assess the public health implications in an endemic area.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated monitoring program including parasitological and serological testing of livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, water buffalo).
  • Slaughterhouse monitoring (serological and molecular) of meat-producing animals.
  • Analysis of hospital discharge records (HDRs).
  • Outreach and health education for farmers, veterinarians, and children.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed very high seroprevalence of *T. gondii* in livestock farms, reaching up to 93.1% in sheep.
  • Highlighted a potentially significant public health risk in the studied area of southern Italy.

Conclusions:

  • The study underscores the high endemicity of *Toxoplasma gondii* in southern Italian livestock.
  • Findings indicate a substantial public health concern requiring targeted interventions and continued monitoring.