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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease
Joseph A Diamond1, Haisam Ismail1
1Department of Cardiology, Long Island Jewish Hospital, Northwell Health, 270-05 76th Avenue Room 2008, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|July 2, 2021
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves airway obstruction during sleep, leading to serious cardiovascular issues like hypertension and heart failure. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the primary treatment, effectively managing these risks.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated upper airway obstructions during sleep, causing significant respiratory effort.
- Intermittent hypoxia in OSA triggers detrimental physiological changes, including elevated catecholamines, peripheral resistance, heart rate, and cardiac output.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the physiological consequences of obstructive sleep apnea.
- To highlight diagnostic methods and treatment for OSA.
Main Methods:
- Review of physiological changes associated with OSA.
- Discussion of diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities.
Main Results:
- OSA is linked to hypertension, tachyarrhythmias, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure.
- Abnormal nocturnal blood pressure dipping is a characteristic finding in OSA patients.
- Polysomnography is the definitive diagnostic tool for OSA.
Conclusions:
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the recommended first-line treatment for OSA.
- Effective CPAP treatment reduces blood pressure and is crucial for managing associated cardiovascular conditions, including atrial fibrillation.
Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationHypertensionNondipperObstructive sleep apneaPolysomnographyPremature ventricular contractionsVentricular tachycardiaMore Related Videos
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