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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
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Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

596
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

376
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
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Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

889
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Central Sleep Apnea.

Oki Ishikawa1, Margarita Oks1

  • 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Lenox Hill Hospital, 100 East 77th Street, 4 East, New York, NY 10075, USA.

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Central sleep apnea (CSA) involves abnormal breathing during sleep without respiratory effort. This review covers CSA prevalence, risk factors like heart failure and opioid use, and its diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
Central sleep apneaDiagnosisEpidemiologyTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Central sleep apnea (CSA) is defined by absent respiratory effort during breathing cessation.
  • While less common than obstructive sleep apnea, CSA is frequently observed in clinical practice.
  • CSA can be idiopathic or secondary to conditions like Cheyne-Stokes respiration, renal failure, or opioid use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence of CSA in general and at-risk populations.
  • To outline the clinical presentation and diagnostic approaches for CSA.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies for central sleep apnea.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CSA prevalence, risk factors, and management.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding CSA presentation and diagnosis.
  • Synthesis of evidence on therapeutic interventions for CSA.

Main Results:

  • CSA prevalence varies across different populations, with specific risk factors identified.
  • Key risk factors for CSA include heart failure, stroke, opioid use, advanced age, and male gender.
  • Clinical presentation, diagnostic tools (e.g., polysomnography), and treatment options are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CSA's diverse causes and risk factors is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Effective management of underlying conditions and targeted therapies can improve CSA outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to optimize CSA treatment protocols.