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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies From 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations.

Joel T Johnson1, Kenneth C Jezek2, Giovanni Macelloni3

  • 1ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New microwave radiometry using 500-1400 MHz offers deeper Earth observation insights. This technology enhances soil moisture, sea ice, and salinity sensing, overcoming limitations of current 1400 MHz systems.

Keywords:
Earth observationsmicrowave radiometry

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Remote Sensing
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Spaceborne microwave radiometry, particularly at 1400 MHz, has been crucial for observing Earth's geophysical properties.
  • Satellites like SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP utilize 1400 MHz for soil moisture, sea salinity, and sea ice monitoring.
  • Current 1400 MHz systems face limitations in subsurface penetration and sensitivity in challenging sea conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of 500-1400 MHz microwave radiometry for enhanced Earth observation.
  • To address the limitations of existing 1400 MHz passive microwave measurements.
  • To review recent airborne experiments demonstrating the capabilities of this extended frequency band.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing airborne experiments to collect brightness temperature measurements between 500-1400 MHz.
  • Analyzing the potential for deeper sensing of soil moisture and sea ice.
  • Investigating improved sea salinity sensing in cold waters and soil moisture under vegetation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated potential for sensing soil moisture and sea ice thickness to greater depths.
  • Showcased improved sea salinity detection in cold, rough waters.
  • Highlighted enhanced soil moisture sensing under vegetation canopies and temperature sensing within ice sheets.
  • Identified challenges related to spectrum availability and radio-frequency interference.

Conclusions:

  • The 500-1400 MHz band offers significant advantages for Earth observation, overcoming limitations of current technologies.
  • Further research and development are needed to address spectrum and interference challenges for future spaceborne missions.
  • Opportunistic sensing strategies and robust interference mitigation systems are essential for operationalizing this technology.