[Recent advances in graphitic carbon nitride materials for sample pretreatment]

As a new type of non-metallic material, graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has attracted increasing attention due to its inherent advantages such as simple preparation, excellent thermal and chemical stability, as well as good biocompatibility and non-toxicity. Nowadays, g-C₃N₄ is widely used in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, biological imaging, and so on. Because of its large specific surface area, π -electron-rich structure, and hydrophobic properties, g-C₃N₄ is considered an ideal candidate material for sample pretreatment. In this work, g-C₃N₄ and its composites as potential sorbents for solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction are reviewed, and the future trends and prospective are discussed.