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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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Pediatric Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies.

Kathleen Stephanos1, Sarah B Dubbs2

  • 1Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 655, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|July 3, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric hematologic and oncologic emergencies require prompt recognition and management. This review covers common pediatric hematologic and oncologic emergencies, focusing on critical information for emergency physicians.

Keywords:
Hematologic emergencyImmune thrombocytopeniaNeutropenic feverOncologic emergencyPediatricSickle cell diseaseTumor lysis syndromeTyphlitis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric hematologic and oncologic emergencies present unique challenges.
  • Despite advances, mortality rates remain high for these conditions.
  • Effective management hinges on rapid diagnosis and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common pediatric hematologic and oncologic emergencies.
  • To provide essential knowledge for emergency physicians and providers.
  • To improve recognition and initial management of these critical conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric hematologic and oncologic emergencies.
  • Synthesis of information on common presentations and complications.
  • Focus on emergency physician-relevant data.

Main Results:

  • Identified three major categories: hematologic disorder complications, new cancer onset emergencies, and treatment-associated oncologic emergencies.
  • Highlighted the high mortality despite advances in care.
  • Emphasized the need for specialized knowledge in emergency settings.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency physicians must be prepared to manage pediatric hematologic and oncologic emergencies.
  • Early recognition and appropriate initial management are crucial for improving outcomes.
  • This review serves as a guide to commonly encountered critical conditions.