Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 30, 2025
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Temporalis Tendon Transfer Versus Gracilis Free Muscle Transfer: When and Why?
1Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, 325 9th Avenue, 4 West Clinic, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Abstract:
Temporalis tendon transfer (T3) and gracilis free muscle transfer (GFMT) are popular techniques in lower facial rehabilitation when reinnervation techniques are unavailable. T3 involves a single-stage outpatient procedure resulting in immediate improvement in resting symmetry and a volitional smile. GFMT allows a spontaneous smile, customized vectors, and increased excursion but requires longer surgical time, a delay before movement, and specialized equipment. Ultimately, shared decision making between the clinician and patient should focus on the patient's goals and unique medical condition.
