Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Variation?01:14

What is Variation?

18.5K
Apart from the measures of central tendency, distribution, outliers, and the changing characteristics of data with time, an important characteristic of any data set is its variation or spread. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in others, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean.
The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation.
Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...
18.5K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

7.1K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
7.1K
Intelligence01:27

Intelligence

8.7K
The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember...
8.7K
Variation01:19

Variation

8.0K
An important characteristic of any set of data is the variation in the data. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in other data sets, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean. The most common measure of variation, or spread, is the standard deviation, which is the square root of variance.
When independent and dependent variables are plotted on a scatter plot, the slope of a line is a value that describes the rate of change between the two...
8.0K
Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

17.3K
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
17.3K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

6.8K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Health Locus of Control in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Pilot Study.

American journal of rhinology & allergy·2026
Same author

Development of a Structured Tool for Evaluation of Auricular Reconstruction for Microtia.

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2026
Same author

Pituitary Stalk Lesion Sampling by Transsphenoidal Posterior Lobe Biopsy: A Case Series.

Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base·2026
Same author

Quantifying 3D Shape in Microtia Reconstruction Using 3D Surface Scanning: A Pilot Phantom-and-Case Study.

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2026
Same author

Get SMART? Understanding Pediatric Pulmonologists' Perspectives on Implementation of SMART.

Pediatric pulmonology·2026
Same author

Novel Application of a Chimeric Upper Gracilis Free Flap for Facial Reanimation with Reconstruction.

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2026
Same journal

<i>Invited Commentary on:</i> Lu et al.'s "Functional and Aesthetic Considerations for Selective Facial Neurectomy with Simultaneous Deep Plane Facelift and Structural Neck Contouring for Facial Paralysis with Synkinesis".

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2026
Same journal

Functional and Aesthetic Considerations for Selective Facial Neurectomy with Simultaneous Deep Plane Facelift and Structural Neck Contouring for Facial Paralysis with Synkinesis.

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2026
Same journal

<i>Invited Commentary on:</i> Lu et al.'s "Functional and Aesthetic Considerations for Selective Facial Neurectomy with Simultaneous Deep Plane Facelift and Structural Neck Contouring for Facial Paralysis with Synkinesis".

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2026
Same journal

<i>Invited Commentary on:</i> Dey et al.'s "Comparing Patient and Casual Observer Perceptions of Complete Facial Paralysis and Facial Synkinesis".

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2026
Same journal

A Zonal Denervation Approach to Surgical Management of Facial Synkinesis.

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2026
Same journal

Impact of Facial Paralysis on Oral Health: A Systematic Review.

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention
06:37

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention

Published on: December 15, 2023

5.4K

Ear Size and Position Variations Rated by Casual Observers on Artificial Intelligence-Generated Models.

Kai C Kokesh1, Kathleen Sie2, Randall Bly2

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Casual observers notice ear size changes over 10% and backward ear angle changes over 10 degrees most readily. Protrusion and vertical position changes are less noticeable.

More Related Videos

Automation of the Micronucleus Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and Artificial Intelligence
09:11

Automation of the Micronucleus Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and Artificial Intelligence

Published on: January 27, 2023

2.8K
Introduction of an Integrated Pathology Image Management, Artificial Intelligence, and Reporting System
05:33

Introduction of an Integrated Pathology Image Management, Artificial Intelligence, and Reporting System

Published on: July 11, 2025

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention
06:37

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention

Published on: December 15, 2023

5.4K
Automation of the Micronucleus Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and Artificial Intelligence
09:11

Automation of the Micronucleus Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and Artificial Intelligence

Published on: January 27, 2023

2.8K
Introduction of an Integrated Pathology Image Management, Artificial Intelligence, and Reporting System
05:33

Introduction of an Integrated Pathology Image Management, Artificial Intelligence, and Reporting System

Published on: July 11, 2025

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Facial aesthetics
  • Perceptual science
  • Plastic surgery

Background:

  • Auricular asymmetry significantly impacts facial aesthetics.
  • The perception threshold for auricular asymmetry by casual observers is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify casual observer perception of ear size, angulation, protrusion, and vertical position.
  • To establish perception thresholds for different types of auricular asymmetry.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized AI-generated facial images with controlled unilateral variations in ear size, angulation, protrusion, and vertical position.
  • 200 participants rated 46 images on a 0-10 Likert scale for ear appearance.

Main Results:

  • A size change of ≥10% was perceived as significantly different (p < 0.001).
  • Retrograde angulation of ≥10° and anterograde angulation of 20° were perceived as significantly different (p < 0.001).
  • Positive protrusion asymmetry was perceived more severely than negative protrusion asymmetry; vertical position changes were least critically perceived.

Conclusions:

  • Casual observers are more sensitive to auricular size and retrograde angulation asymmetries.
  • Perception of ear protrusion and vertical position asymmetry is less critical to observers.