The Crucial Role of Wntless in Osteogenesis and Odontogenesis

Wnt signalling pathways have been the focus of intense research activity for decades due to their fundamental role in skeletal and dental development. Wntless, an exclusive chaperone protein for the exocytotis of Wnt ligands, was identified in 2006. In the last decade, the molecular biological studies of Wntless and its genetic studies in human and mice have highlighted the importance of this protein in mineralised tissues, including bone, cartilage and teeth. This article reviews recent developments and discrepancies in the role of Wntless in skeletal and dental development based on mutant phenotypes, as well as the underlying mechanism involved in its molecular and physiological regulation. We conclude that, though some controversial phenotypes exist due to different Cre line resources, Cre recombinase activity and detection time points, Wntless undeniably exerts a context- and stage-dependent regulatory function during the development and homeostasis of both skeletal and dental tissue.