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Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema
Published on: January 12, 2017
Physical findings and tests useful for differentiating lymphedema
Eriko Kamijo1, Kosuke Ishizuka2, Kiyoshi Shikino2
1School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan.
Abstract:
Stemmer's sign is useful in diagnosing lymphedema as it is present in 92% of the cases. Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography is also useful for diagnosing lymphedema, and it allows them to see all the anatomy of the lymphatic vessels, leaking pumping capacity, and dermal reflux. The diagnostic ability of ICG lymphography and its evaluation capability for disease severity is similar to lymphoscintigraphy which is the gold-standard examination for extremity lymphoedema but with less invasiveness and a lower cost.
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