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Similarities and Differences Between COVID-19-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Kawasaki

Min-Sheng Lee1, Yi-Ching Liu2, Ching-Chung Tsai3,4

  • 1Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|July 5, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 presents symptoms similar to Kawasaki disease (KD). This review clarifies the distinctions between MIS-C and KD to aid pediatricians in diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths globally, with a lower mortality rate in children compared to adults.
  • An emerging multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 has been reported, primarily in Europe and the US.
  • MIS-C shares clinical and laboratory similarities with Kawasaki disease (KD), KD shock syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between MIS-C and KD.
  • To increase pediatrician awareness of MIS-C.
  • To guide pediatricians in the differential diagnosis of MIS-C and KD.

Main Methods:

  • This narrative review discusses the clinical features and laboratory characteristics of MIS-C.
  • The review compares and contrasts MIS-C with Kawasaki disease.
  • The focus is on identifying distinct features to aid in diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • MIS-C exhibits distinct clinical and laboratory features that differentiate it from KD.
  • While sharing similarities, MIS-C is not identical to KD.
  • The review highlights key differences crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • MIS-C is a distinct condition characterized by multisystem inflammation in children following COVID-19 infection.
  • Distinguishing MIS-C from KD is essential for appropriate pediatric patient management.
  • Increased awareness and understanding of MIS-C's unique characteristics will improve diagnostic accuracy.

Keywords:
Kawasaki diseasecoronavirus disease 2019differencemultisystem inflammatory syndrome in childrenpediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2

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