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The part-whole effect in super-recognisers and typical-range-ability controls.

Elena Belanova1, Josh P Davis1, Trevor Thompson1

  • 1School of Human Sciences, Institute of Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom.

Vision Research
|July 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Super-recognizers, individuals with exceptional face recognition abilities, show varied processing strategies. Some excel by integrating facial features holistically, while others use different mechanisms for superior face perception.

Keywords:
Face recognitionHolistic processingIndividual differencesPart-whole effectSuper-recognisers

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Face recognition abilities exist on a spectrum, from developmental prosopagnosia to super-recognition.
  • Holistic processing, the perception of a face as a unified whole, is linked to face recognition ability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of holistic processing in super-recognizers compared to typical individuals.
  • To explore the specific mechanisms underlying superior face recognition in super-recognizers.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments utilized The Part-Whole Effect (PWE) paradigm to assess holistic processing.
  • Participants included 75 super-recognizers and 89 typical-range ability controls.

Main Results:

  • A subset of super-recognizers exhibited enhanced Part-Whole Effects in the nose region, indicating superior integration of this feature into the holistic face percept.
  • Focused processing of the nose region, crucial for holistic face perception, may contribute to the enhanced abilities of some super-recognizers.
  • A minority of super-recognizers displayed atypical nose region processing patterns, suggesting alternative mechanisms for their exceptional face recognition skills.

Conclusions:

  • Super-recognition is associated with heterogeneous underlying cognitive and perceptual processes.
  • The findings support the idea that superior face recognition can be achieved through diverse mechanisms, not solely enhanced holistic processing.