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Related Concept Videos

Total Voids in Concrete01:12

Total Voids in Concrete

252
Total voids in concrete encompass gel water volume, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water (retained within the cement hydration products) and physically entrapped or adsorbed water are significant for the hydration process. For complete hydration, it's estimated that the space needed for the products of a cubic centimeter of cement doubles. Capillary pores constitute the unoccupied space within the hydrated cement paste, with their size largely influenced by the water-to-cement...
252
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

284
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
284
Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

252
Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
252
Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

247
In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
247
Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry01:13

Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry

184
Mortar joint deterioration is a significant concern in masonry structures, with water accumulation in the joints leading to damage from freeze-thaw cycles. The repeated expansion of water during freezing and its melting during thawing develop and propagate cracks in the masonry joints. Eventually, this leads to the spalling of mortar from the joints, loosening masonry units and weakening the structure. The deteriorated mortar joints are also vulnerable to moisture intrusion into the walls.
The...
184
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

463
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
463

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
07:42

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

541

Microcomputed tomography void analysis after cement cleanup methods.

Brandon Craig Peters1, Ryan Cook2, Terry Donovan3

  • 1Private practice, Greensboro Dental Associates, Greensboro, NC.

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
|July 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The type of dental cement used is more critical than the cleanup method for preventing voids at the restorative margin. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) effectively measures these voids.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Restorative Dentistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Evaluation of cement cleanup at restorative margins is limited.
  • Understanding void formation is crucial for long-term restoration success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare two cement cleanup methods using microcomputed tomography (μCT).
  • To assess void formation with self-adhesive resin cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement.

Main Methods:

  • Two cement cleanup techniques (tack-polymerization vs. 3-minute delay) were tested.
  • Self-adhesive resin and resin-modified glass ionomer cements were used.
  • Microcomputed tomography (μCT) quantified voids at the margin.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in void characteristics between cleanup methods.
  • Significant differences in void number, volume, and width were observed between cement types.

Conclusions:

  • Cement type significantly influences void formation at the margin.
  • Microcomputed tomography (μCT) is a valuable tool for void analysis.