Fully redundant auxiliary system for gyrotron-based terahertz sources in long-term operation

The Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center is incorporating the flat-top pulsed magnetic field (FTPMF) into pulse gyrotrons. It will be the first chance to make a pulse-magnet gyrotron available for generating a long-pulse radiation of 100 ms or above without affecting its high operating frequency and high radiation power. However, unlike continuous wave gyrotrons, pulse gyrotrons in long-term operation have their own challenges, namely, misalignment caused by concussions, much stronger low-frequency electromagnetic interference from the pulse magnet, and inevitable explosion. This article will focus on the difficulties faced by pulse gyrotrons in years of operation, discuss the protection and restoration from failures, and, consequently, propose a fully redundant, explosion-proof, and quickly recoverable auxiliary system for long-term operation of pulse gyrotrons. This system integrates the control unit of traditional pulsed magnets and superconducting magnets so that it can be compatible with any form of gyrotron facilities. Therefore, once the FTPMF or the superconducting magnet is available, the long-pulse radiation will be obtained. Several experimental results, including the most recent explosion, show the reliability of the proposed system.